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16/11/2010 | Mexico - The drug war's first displaced-persons camp

The Economist Staff

WHEN Hurricane Karl struck south-eastern Mexico in September, around 3,500 people left their homes to escape flooding. Last week, it was the north-east of the country that saw a displaced-persons camp sprout up.

 

But the 400 people who are currently holed up in the event hall of the Lions Club, a charity group in the border city of Ciudad Miguel Alemán, were not relocated by act of God. Instead, they have fled from a man-made disaster: the fierce battle between the area’s two warring drug gangs, the Zetas and the Gulf “cartel”, for control of trafficking and dealing in the nearby town of Mier.

Until this year, the eastern stretch of Mexico’s border with the United States was one of its safest parts, because no rival criminal organisation had challenged the Gulf gang’s authority. But in January a Gulf hit man killed a leader of the Zetas, a group founded by former military special-forces troops that had served as the Gulf’s enforcers. When the gunman’s superiors refused to deliver him to the Zetas for payback, the two gangs’ fragile alliance collapsed. Since then, they have made the entire north-east their battlefield. They have so terrorised journalists in the border city of Reynosa that local media refuse to report on the conflict, while the economy of Monterrey, Mexico’s industrial capital, has been battered by violence.

Now that the region has its own displaced-persons camp, it resembles a war zone more than ever. Only three years ago, Mexico’s national tourism department made Mier, home to 6,500 people just 3km (2 miles) from the Texas border, one of 33 “magical towns” to be promoted to tourists. Its economy depends mainly on cattle ranching, and was also known for making exotic leather boots. A well belonging to the state oil company sits nearby.

Since the Gulf-Zetas schism, the gangs have plundered the well; burned the city’s police station, several businesses and dozens of vehicles; hung a dismembered corpse in a public park; and engaged in regular firefights. The federal police have been absent, and residents say the military has patrolled the area only intermittently. The fighting heated up further after Mexico’s army killed Antonio Ezequiel Cárdenas Guillén, one of the Gulf gang’s leaders, on November 5th. “It was too much. We could not sleep,” recalls one woman who left Mier with her husband, a carpenter, following a night of constant shootouts and fires. Schools have closed, and even the local government has abandoned its offices in favour of safer quarters in Ciudad Miguel Alemán, 15km away.

Many smaller municipalities along the border have also become virtual ghost towns this year. But the recent flare-up in Mier happened so quickly that some residents did not have time to arrange for a place to stay. In response, the town’s government-in-exile established a shelter at the Lions Club, and offered the room to those with nowhere to go.

Around 400 people have already moved to the refuge, where they queue up to eat donated food rations three times a day, sleep on donated foam mattresses, listen to live bands play norteño music, and pray. A few children are learning to play chess, while others wrestle and, worryingly, toy with utility knives. Each day brings around 30 new arrivals—a pace that would fill the shelter to capacity in a week.

Local officials say that all but 200 of Mier’s residents have fled. Responding to the exodus, Eugenio Hernández-Flores, the governor of the state of Tamaulipas, has promised that additional federal security forces will arrive in the next few days. But big military deployments to other violent areas, such as Ciudad Juárez, have not been able to quell the violence. In the meantime, the refugees’ lives are on hold. “What we want is for things to get better in Mier,” said one social worker at the Lions Club. “They want to go back.”

The Economist (Reino Unido)

 


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30/10/2009|
30/10/2009|
11/10/2009|
10/10/2009|
10/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
04/10/2009|
30/09/2009|
30/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
22/09/2009|
20/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
08/09/2009|
07/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
26/08/2009|
21/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
19/07/2009|
19/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
27/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
11/01/2009|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
23/11/2008|
23/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
22/08/2008|
22/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
24/05/2008|
24/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
29/04/2008|
11/02/2008|
05/01/2008|
09/12/2007|
18/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/09/2007|
26/08/2007|
25/08/2007|
11/07/2007|
16/06/2007|
16/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
24/04/2007|
24/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
28/02/2007|
28/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
17/11/2006|
30/09/2006|
28/07/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
06/03/2006|
21/02/2006|
17/02/2006|
31/01/2006|
10/01/2006|
28/12/2005|
31/10/2005|
26/09/2005|
29/08/2005|
11/08/2005|
08/08/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|

ver + notas
 
Center for the Study of the Presidency
Freedom House