They need to rethink how and what they teach.
In the
normal run of things, late summer sees airports in the emerging world fill with
nervous 18-year-olds, jetting off to begin a new life in the rich world’s
universities. The annual trek of more than 5m students is a triumph of
globalisation. Students see the world; universities get a fresh batch of
high-paying customers. Yet with flights grounded and borders closed, this
migration is about to become the pandemic’s latest victim.
For
students, covid-19 is making life difficult. Many must choose between
inconveniently timed seminars streamed into their parents’ living rooms and
inconveniently deferring their studies until life is more normal. For
universities, it is disastrous. They will not only lose huge chunks of revenue
from foreign students but, because campus life spreads infection, they will
have to transform the way they operate (see Briefing).
Yet the
disaster may have an upside. For many years government subsidies and booming
demand have allowed universities to resist changes that could benefit both
students and society. They may not be able to do so for much longer.
Higher
education has been thriving. Since 1995, as the notion spread from the rich
world to the emerging one that a degree from a good institution was essential,
the number of young people enrolling in higher education rose from 16% of the
relevant age group to 38%. The results have been visible on swanky campuses
throughout the Anglosphere, whose better universities have been the principal
beneficiaries of the emerging world’s aspirations.
Yet
troubles are piling up. China has been a source of high-paying foreign students
for Western universities, but relations between the West and China are souring.
Students with ties to the army are to be banned from America.
Governments
have been turning against universities, too. In an age when politics divides
along educational lines, universities struggle to persuade some politicians of
their merit. President Donald Trump attacks them for “Radical Left
Indoctrination, not Education”. Some 59% of Republican voters have a negative
view of colleges; just 18% of Democrats do. In Britain universities’ noisy
opposition to Brexit has not helped. Given that the state pays for between a
quarter and a half of tertiary education in America, Australia and Britain,
through student loans and grants, the government’s enthusiasm matters.
Scepticism
among politicians is not born only of spite. Governments invest in higher
education to boost productivity by increasing human capital. But even as
universities have boomed, productivity growth in the rich-country economies has
fallen. Many politicians suspect that universities are not teaching the right
subjects, and are producing more graduates than labour markets need. Small
wonder that the state is beginning to pull back. In America government spending
on universities has been flat in recent years; in Australia, even as the price
of humanities degrees doubles, so it will fall for subjects the government
deems good for growth.
There
are questions about the benefits to students, too. The graduate premium is
healthy enough, on average, for a degree to be financially worthwhile, but not
for everybody. In Britain the Institute for Fiscal Studies (ifs) has calculated
that a fifth of graduates would be better off if they had never gone to
university. In America four in ten students still do not graduate six years
after starting their degree—and, for those who do, the wage premium is
shrinking. Across the world as a whole, student enrolment continues to grow,
but in America it declined by 8% in 2010-18.
Then
came covid-19. Although recessions tend to boost demand for higher education,
as poor job prospects spur people to seek qualifications, revenues may
nevertheless fall. Government rules will combine with student nerves to keep
numbers down. Last month the Trump administration said new foreign students
would not be allowed to enter the country if their classes had moved online.
Sydney, Melbourne, unsw and Monash, four of Australia’s leading universities,
rely on foreign students for a third of their income. The ifs expects losses at
English universities to amount to over a quarter of one year’s revenues.
The
damage from covid-19 means that, in the short term at least, universities will
be more dependent on governments than ever. The ifs reckons that 13
universities in Britain risk going bust. Governments ought to help colleges,
but should favour institutions that provide good teaching and research or
benefit their community. Those that satisfy none of those criteria should be
allowed to go to the wall.
Those
that survive must learn from the pandemic. Until now most of them, especially
the ones at the top of the market, have resisted putting undergraduate courses
online. That is not because remote teaching is necessarily bad—a third of
graduate students were studying fully online last year—but because a three- or
four-year degree on campus was universities’ and students’ idea of what an
undergraduate education should look like. Demand for the services of
universities was so intense that they had no need to change.
Now
change is being forced upon them. The College Crisis Initiative at Davidson
College says that less than a quarter of American universities are likely to
teach mostly or wholly in person next term. If that persists, it will reduce
the demand. Many students buy the university experience not just to boost their
earning capacity, but also to get away from their parents, make friends and
find partners. But it should also cut costs, by giving students the option of
living at home while studying.
Back to
the mortarboard
Covid-19
is catalysing innovation, too. The Big Ten Academic Alliance, a group of
midwestern universities, is offering many of its 600,000 students the
opportunity to take online courses at other universities in the group. There is
huge scope for using digital technology to improve education. Poor in-person
lectures could be replaced by online ones from the best in the world, freeing
up time for the small-group teaching which students value most.
Universities
are rightly proud of their centuries-old traditions, but their ancient
pedigrees have too often been used as an excuse for resisting change. If
covid-19 shakes them out of their complacency, some good may yet come from this
disaster.
fecha |
Título |
23/09/2023| |
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06/09/2022| |
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17/09/2020| |
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15/09/2020| |
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05/07/2020| |
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01/06/2020| |
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30/05/2020| |
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15/05/2020| |
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26/04/2020| |
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14/04/2020| |
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04/04/2020| |
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24/03/2020| |
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19/01/2020| |
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23/08/2019| |
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22/08/2019| |
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20/08/2019| |
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21/07/2019| |
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04/02/2019| |
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13/01/2019| |
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26/12/2018| |
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24/12/2018| |
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04/10/2018| |
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13/08/2018| |
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12/08/2018| |
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07/08/2018| |
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03/08/2018| |
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28/07/2018| |
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25/07/2018| |
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23/07/2018| |
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23/07/2018| |
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21/07/2018| |
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01/07/2018| |
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12/06/2018| |
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26/04/2018| |
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22/04/2018| |
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10/04/2018| |
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24/03/2018| |
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20/03/2018| |
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04/03/2018| |
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03/02/2018| |
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11/12/2017| |
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11/12/2017| |
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11/12/2017| |
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02/12/2017| |
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17/11/2017| |
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16/11/2017| |
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07/11/2017| |
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01/11/2017| |
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28/10/2017| |
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26/10/2017| |
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05/10/2017| |
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26/09/2017| |
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09/09/2017| |
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20/08/2017| |
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19/08/2017| |
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14/08/2017| |
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01/08/2017| |
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22/07/2017| |
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20/07/2017| |
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15/07/2017| |
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09/07/2017| |
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07/07/2017| |
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12/06/2017| |
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10/06/2017| |
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13/05/2017| |
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13/05/2017| |
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30/04/2017| |
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19/04/2017| |
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18/04/2017| |
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04/04/2017| |
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28/03/2017| |
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28/03/2017| |
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17/03/2017| |
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12/03/2017| |
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05/03/2017| |
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05/03/2017| |
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24/02/2017| |
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24/02/2017| |
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22/02/2017| |
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22/02/2017| |
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20/02/2017| |
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01/02/2017| |
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16/01/2017| |
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16/01/2017| |
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15/01/2017| |
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10/01/2017| |
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01/01/2017| |
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24/11/2016| |
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20/11/2016| |
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11/11/2016| |
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24/10/2016| |
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17/10/2016| |
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15/10/2016| |
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14/10/2016| |
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14/10/2016| |
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13/10/2016| |
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10/10/2016| |
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01/10/2016| |
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14/09/2016| |
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09/09/2016| |
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04/09/2016| |
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04/09/2016| |
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17/08/2016| |
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14/08/2016| |
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14/08/2016| |
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16/06/2016| |
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11/06/2016| |
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06/06/2016| |
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06/06/2016| |
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27/05/2016| |
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07/05/2016| |
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14/04/2016| |
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14/04/2016| |
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11/04/2016| |
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11/04/2016| |
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25/03/2016| |
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18/03/2016| |
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18/03/2016| |
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18/03/2016| |
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15/03/2016| |
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15/03/2016| |
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13/03/2016| |
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08/02/2016| |
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07/02/2016| |
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24/01/2016| |
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05/01/2016| |
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04/01/2016| |
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31/12/2015| |
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16/12/2015| |
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16/12/2015| |
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11/12/2015| |
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28/11/2015| |
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21/11/2015| |
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10/11/2015| |
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07/11/2015| |
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03/11/2015| |
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31/10/2015| |
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19/10/2015| |
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19/10/2015| |
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15/10/2015| |
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28/09/2015| |
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20/09/2015| |
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18/09/2015| |
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03/09/2015| |
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31/08/2015| |
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28/08/2015| |
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21/08/2015| |
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16/08/2015| |
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08/08/2015| |
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08/08/2015| |
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30/07/2015| |
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30/07/2015| |
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22/07/2015| |
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27/06/2015| |
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27/06/2015| |
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17/06/2015| |
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09/06/2015| |
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06/06/2015| |
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03/06/2015| |
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30/05/2015| |
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30/05/2015| |
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22/05/2015| |
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21/05/2015| |
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19/05/2015| |
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06/05/2015| |
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02/05/2015| |
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03/04/2015| |
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31/03/2015| |
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29/03/2015| |
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09/03/2015| |
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04/03/2015| |
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25/02/2015| |
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19/02/2015| |
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16/02/2015| |
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16/02/2015| |
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01/02/2015| |
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01/02/2015| |
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27/01/2015| |
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27/01/2015| |
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27/01/2015| |
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23/01/2015| |
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22/01/2015| |
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13/01/2015| |
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13/01/2015| |
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02/01/2015| |
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02/01/2015| |
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22/12/2014| |
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21/12/2014| |
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21/12/2014| |
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18/12/2014| |
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14/12/2014| |
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04/12/2014| |
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01/12/2014| |
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01/12/2014| |
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28/11/2014| |
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20/11/2014| |
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20/11/2014| |
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12/11/2014| |
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01/11/2014| |
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21/10/2014| |
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19/10/2014| |
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18/10/2014| |
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14/10/2014| |
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12/10/2014| |
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12/10/2014| |
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12/10/2014| |
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10/10/2014| |
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06/10/2014| |
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06/10/2014| |
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01/10/2014| |
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29/09/2014| |
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29/09/2014| |
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19/09/2014| |
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15/09/2014| |
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09/09/2014| |
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01/09/2014| |
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26/08/2014| |
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26/08/2014| |
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19/08/2014| |
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19/08/2014| |
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08/08/2014| |
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29/07/2014| |
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29/07/2014| |
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27/07/2014| |
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27/07/2014| |
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21/07/2014| |
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21/07/2014| |
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21/07/2014| |
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03/07/2014| |
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01/07/2014| |
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23/06/2014| |
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21/06/2014| |
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18/06/2014| |
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18/06/2014| |
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18/06/2014| |
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29/05/2014| |
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21/05/2014| |
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17/05/2014| |
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09/05/2014| |
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09/05/2014| |
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09/05/2014| |
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05/05/2014| |
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27/04/2014| |
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20/04/2014| |
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20/04/2014| |
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20/04/2014| |
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11/04/2014| |
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07/04/2014| |
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31/03/2014| |
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31/03/2014| |
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25/03/2014| |
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04/03/2014| |
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27/02/2014| |
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21/02/2014| |
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17/02/2014| |
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14/02/2014| |
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04/02/2014| |
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31/01/2014| |
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31/01/2014| |
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25/01/2014| |
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16/01/2014| |
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15/01/2014| |
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15/01/2014| |
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14/01/2014| |
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02/01/2014| |
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25/12/2013| |
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19/12/2013| |
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11/12/2013| |
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11/12/2013| |
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06/12/2013| |
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03/12/2013| |
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03/12/2013| |
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27/11/2013| |
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25/11/2013| |
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20/11/2013| |
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17/11/2013| |
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11/11/2013| |
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08/11/2013| |
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06/11/2013| |
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05/11/2013| |
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28/10/2013| |
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28/10/2013| |
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28/10/2013| |
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27/10/2013| |
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21/10/2013| |
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21/10/2013| |
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21/10/2013| |
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16/10/2013| |
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10/10/2013| |
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09/10/2013| |
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09/10/2013| |
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29/09/2013| |
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21/09/2013| |
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17/09/2013| |
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17/09/2013| |
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15/09/2013| |
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15/09/2013| |
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14/09/2013| |
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03/09/2013| |
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27/08/2013| |
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27/08/2013| |
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17/08/2013| |
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12/08/2013| |
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12/08/2013| |
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12/08/2013| |
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07/08/2013| |
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29/07/2013| |
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18/07/2013| |
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18/07/2013| |
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12/07/2013| |
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12/07/2013| |
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11/07/2013| |
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07/07/2013| |
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06/07/2013| |
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29/06/2013| |
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21/06/2013| |
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21/06/2013| |
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16/06/2013| |
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16/06/2013| |
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16/06/2013| |
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12/06/2013| |
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03/06/2013| |
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03/06/2013| |
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30/05/2013| |
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30/05/2013| |
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28/05/2013| |
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28/05/2013| |
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28/05/2013| |
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23/05/2013| |
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23/05/2013| |
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20/05/2013| |
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20/05/2013| |
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16/05/2013| |
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16/05/2013| |
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10/05/2013| |
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10/05/2013| |
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23/04/2013| |
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19/04/2013| |
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14/04/2013| |
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11/04/2013| |
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08/04/2013| |
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14/03/2013| |
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11/03/2013| |
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25/02/2013| |
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