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18/02/2013 | Pensions in Argentina - Now or never

The Economist Staff

The government drags its feet over compensating pensioners for inflation.

 

CRISTINA FERNÁNDEZ presumably hoped that old people in Argentina would be delighted by her announcement on January 28th that public-pension payments would rise in March by 15.8%. But at the weekly meeting in Buenos Aires of the national retirees’ association, where elderly folk get together to gripe about how the government is cheating them, attendees overwhelmingly dismissed the president’s decision as too little, too late.

The government’s row with pensioners dates back to the country’s 2001-02 economic crash, when a currency devaluation was followed by a surge of inflation. Néstor Kirchner, Ms Fernández’s late husband and predecessor, spent most of the pension agency’s scarce funds to increase payments for poor recipients. The rest got smaller raises and lost purchasing power.

That may have been good policy, but its legality was dubious. In 2007 the Supreme Court ruled that ANSES, the public social-security agency, had to index to inflation the benefits of Adolfo Badaro, a pensioner who had sued the government. A year later ANSES signed an agreement not to appeal against decisions in cases similar to Mr Badaro’s.

Congress did pass a benefit-adjustments law in 2009. However, it applied to pensions only from that point on. And despite the legal precedents, Ms Fernández and Diego Bossio, the head of ANSES, have refused to bring in universal indexation for pre-2009 inflation. Instead, they have required every pensioner seeking such compensation to file suit. More than 450,000 cases now clog the courts. Meanwhile, ANSES has been granting only around 1,500 new claims for higher benefits each month. In contrast, it rejected an average of 6,000 last October and November.

The judiciary—already in conflict with Ms Fernández over the constitutionality of a law regulating the media—has contested the government’s strategy of delay. Last June the Supreme Court ordered ANSES to prepare a written report explaining how it allocates its budget and why it would not automatically approve all cases resembling Mr Badaro’s. In November Mr Bossio responded that the agency had used the “majority” of its funds to provide pensions to people who lacked them altogether, and that it could not afford to help the neediest Argentines if it paid all retroactive claims.

Mr Bossio concedes that workers who paid into the system are entitled to the real value of the pensions they were promised. However, he notes that payroll contributions only finance 55% of ANSES’s benefits. The rest comes from general revenues, such as value-added tax. “Anyone who buys a soda at a kiosk is contributing,” he says. “If they need help, why should they not receive it as well?”

Yet to critics Mr Bossio’s plea of poverty rings hollow. For the past five years Argentina has not issued debt to the public, because investors have demanded prohibitive interest payments. Facing a financing crunch, in 2008 Ms Fernández nationalised the country’s private pensions.

She has since turned ANSES into something of a public slush fund. In the past four years the treasury has sold the agency over $10 billion of bonds at paltry interest rates. The president has used the proceeds to fund popular projects, such as low-income housing, infrastructure and transfers to poor families with children. Meanwhile, in recent years the returns on ANSES’s investment portfolio have lagged behind Argentina’s estimated inflation rate of 25% (the official rate is lower, but is widely known to be doctored).

As the courts process the claims, more pensioners will eventually get what they are owed. But the wheels of justice move slowly, and Ms Fernández has less than three years left in office. Moreover, with every day that passes fewer people remain who were receiving benefits before 2009. “It’s their sick little game,” says Juan Alberto Suárez, a 79 year-old whose lawsuit has not yet been resolved eight years after it was filed. “They want us to die before they have to give us what’s ours.”

The Economist (Reino Unido)

 


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28/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
27/11/2009|
21/11/2009|
21/11/2009|
18/11/2009|
18/11/2009|
16/11/2009|
16/11/2009|
30/10/2009|
30/10/2009|
11/10/2009|
10/10/2009|
10/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
07/10/2009|
04/10/2009|
30/09/2009|
30/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
27/09/2009|
22/09/2009|
20/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
18/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
16/09/2009|
08/09/2009|
07/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
06/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
05/09/2009|
26/08/2009|
21/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
19/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
15/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
11/08/2009|
19/07/2009|
19/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
18/07/2009|
27/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
22/03/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
27/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
17/01/2009|
11/01/2009|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
06/12/2008|
23/11/2008|
23/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
16/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
04/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
03/11/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
24/10/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
15/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
06/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
05/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
01/09/2008|
22/08/2008|
22/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
17/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
16/08/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
28/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
19/07/2008|
24/05/2008|
24/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
03/05/2008|
29/04/2008|
11/02/2008|
05/01/2008|
09/12/2007|
18/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
10/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/11/2007|
06/09/2007|
26/08/2007|
25/08/2007|
11/07/2007|
16/06/2007|
16/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
10/06/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
19/05/2007|
24/04/2007|
24/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
14/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
05/04/2007|
28/02/2007|
28/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
05/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
04/02/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
29/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
11/01/2007|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
27/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
20/12/2006|
17/11/2006|
30/09/2006|
28/07/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
12/04/2006|
06/03/2006|
21/02/2006|
17/02/2006|
31/01/2006|
10/01/2006|
28/12/2005|
31/10/2005|
26/09/2005|
29/08/2005|
11/08/2005|
08/08/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
24/06/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|
03/04/2005|

ver + notas
 
Center for the Study of the Presidency
Freedom House