The intelligence service of Russia has openly honored two British members of the so-called Cambridge Five spy ring, who caused great controversy during the Cold War by defecting to Moscow.
The intelligence services of
the Soviet Union recruited five Enlishmen, H.A.R. ‘Kim’ Philby, John
Cairncross, Donald Maclean, Anthony Blunt, as well as an unnamed fifth
person, to spy for them in the 1930s. All five were recruited while they
were promising young students at Britain’s elite Cambridge University,
and entered the diplomatic and security services in order to supply
Moscow with classified information about Britain and its allies.
In 1951,
shortly before they were detained by British authorities on suspicion of
espionage, Burgess and Maclean defected to the Soviet Union. They both
lived there under new identities and, according to official histories,
as staunch supporters of Soviet communism. Some biographers,
however, have suggested that the two Englishmen grew disillusioned with
communism while living in the Soviet Union, and were never truly
trusted by the authorities Moscow. When they died, however, in 1963
(Burgess) and 1983 (Maclean), the Soviet intelligence services
celebrated them as heroes.
On Friday, the
Soviet state recognized the two defectors in an official ceremony in
the Siberian city of Samara, where they lived for a number of years,
until the authorities relocated them to Moscow. Kuibyshev, as the city
was known during Soviet times, was technically a vast classified
facility where much of the research for the country’s space program took
place. While in Kuibyshev, Burgess and Maclean stayed at a Soviet
intelligence ‘safe house’, where they were debriefed and frequently
interrogated, until their handlers were convinced that they were indeed
genuine defectors.
At Friday’s ceremony, officials unveiled a memorial plaque at the entrance to the building where Burgess and Maclean lived. According
to the Reuters news agency, the plaque reads: “In this building, from
1952-1955, lived Soviet intelligence officers, members of the ‘Cambridge
Five’, Guy Francis Burgess and Donald Maclean”. On the same day, a
letter written by Sergei Naryshkin, head of Russia’s Foreign
Intelligence Service (SVR), one of the institutional descendants of the
Soviet-era KGB, appeared online. In the letter, Naryshkin said that
Burgess and Maclean had made “a significant contribution to the victory
over fascism [during World War II], the protection of [the USSR’s]
strategic interests, and ensuring the safety” of the Soviet Union and
Russia.
Last year, Russian officials named
a busy intersection in Moscow after Harold Adrian Russell Philby. Known
as ‘Kim’ to his friends, Philby was a leading member of the Cambridge
spies. He followed Burgess and Maclean to the USSR in 1963, where he
defected after a long career with the British Secret Intelligence
Service (MI6).
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